Learning Exercise 1 

Assigning SAL Codes to Nouns

This learning exercise assumes that you as yet know very little about SAL noun coding.  It's designed to let you learn SAL coding inductively.   If you complete this exercise and the ones that follow successfully, you will be ready to proceed to the section called "Test Your Knowledge."  If you do well on those tests, you may consider yourself a qualified SAL coder!

This exercise introduces you to each of the SAL Noun Supersets, one by one, via a series of tables.  Each table presents a group of nouns all belonging to the same Superset.  However, the SAL set and subset codes for these nouns, and the mnemonic which expresses them, are not shown.  These are for you to supply.  But your task is made easy for you. To discover how each noun is coded, click on the noun and you will be taken to a description and explanation of the SAL set and subset code (and the corresponding mnemonic) which applies.

By the time you have gone through these exercises, you will have covered the entire SAL taxonomy for nouns.

Note, however, that these exercises do not cover so-called "process nouns" (noun deverbals).  Process nouns, e.g, words like removal, consolidation, altercation, specialization, are derived from verbs and are convertible to verbs, and for this reason are automatically assigned the codes of their corresponding verbs.  Process nouns then are not part of the open class.

If you're just starting and are as yet unfamiliar with the basic Superset/set/subset structure of the SAL taxonomy for nouns, or with the SAL taxonomy in general, click here for an overview.

Click here to begin.

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise A
Concrete Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Concrete Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
pencil

ambulance

pulmonary artery
flashlight
sedative

candy bar

quark
cellular phone
sound baffle

orange

pacemaker
screen door
hip bone

digital watch

dead-bolt lock
redwood
laser beam

stratus cloud

shelf
software application

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

    

 

 

                       
Answer Key to Exercise A: Concrete Noun Superset    (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
pencil COtool 3 34 720 instrument (functional)
sedative COchem 3 35 702 chemical agent (non-mass)
sound baffle CObarr 3 34 525 barrier (functional)
hip bone COstruc 3 34 612

structural thing (parts of the body are coded acc. to function)

laser beam COlight 3 37 37 impulses/lights
ambulance COvehic 3 35 611 vehicle (agentive)
candy bar COednm 3 18 18 edible food (non-mass)
orange COedcol 3 18 855 edible food + color
(remote agentive)
digital watch COmeter 3 35 716 meter (agentive)
stratus cloud COamor 3 33 33 amorphous thing
pulmonary artery COcond 3 34 745

conduit (parts of the body are coded acc. to function)

quark COatom 3 19 19 atomistic
pacemaker COmach 3 35 750 machine/system (agentive)
dead-bolt lock COfast 3 34 721 fastener (functional)
shelf COsurf 3 34 722 bearing surface (functional)
flashlight COlight 3 37 37 lights/impulses
cellular phone COcomm 3 35 708 communication agent
screen door CObarr 3 34 525 threshhold/barrier (functional)
redwood COtrwd 3 32 855 concrete (tree) + mass (wood)
remote agentive
software application COsoft 3 35 300 software (agentive)

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise B
  Information Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Information Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
drama

dictionary

microfiche
syndrome
users' manual

operetta

linguistics
circumflex accent
best seller

work order

URL
additional information
video cassette

lecture

CD ROM
non-disclosure agreement
chess

newspaper

by-laws
photo album

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

                        

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise B: Information Noun Superset (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
drama INarts 12 78 225 the arts
users' manual INinst 12 74 74 instructional data
best seller INdata 12 76 76 recorded data
video cassette INstor 12 77 77 medium for storing data
chess INgame 12 74 224 games played acc.  to rules
(subset of instructional/legal)
dictionary INdata 12 76 76 recorded data
operetta INevent 12 76 223 scripted event
work order INinst 12 74 74 instructional data
lecture INevent 12 76 223 scripted event
newspaper INdata 12 76 76 recorded data
microfiche INstor 12 77 77 medium for storing data
linguistics INknow 12 78 78 field of knowledge
URL INsymb 12 75 75 symbolic data
CD-rom INstor 12 77 77

medium for storing data

by-laws INinst 12 74 74 instructional/legal
syndrome INevid 12 96 96 evidence/symptoms
circumflex accent INsymb 12 75 75 symbolic data
additional information INundif 12 79 79 undifferentiated information
non-disclosure agreement INinst 12 74 74 instructional/legal
photo album INdata 12 76 76 photos/pictures = recorded data

 

 

 

 

 

Exercise C
  Place Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Place Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
trajectory

post office

airport
Mt. Fuji
Quebec

village

township
drugstore
museum

pantry

locale
South America
Tokyo

neighborhood

Suez Canal
corridor

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                             Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise C: Place Noun Superset     (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
trajectory PLpath 9 55 55 path-type place
Quebec PLcoun 9 94 230 proper names of countries/states/provinces
(agentive)
museum PLagfunc 9 26 228 functional location (agentive)
Tokyo PLcity 9 94 226 proper names of cities (agentive)
post office PLagfunc 9 26 228 functional location (agentive)
village PLagcom 9 94 236 common-noun geographical entity (agentive)
pantry PLencl 9 27 27 enclosed space
neighborhood PLnagcom 9 29 29 common-noun geographical location (non-agentive)
airport PLagfunc 9 26 228 functional location (agentive)
township PLagcom 9 94 236 common-noun geog. entities
(agentive)
locale PLundif 9 57 57 undifferentiated place
Suez Canal PLwater 9 56 229 proper names of bodies of water  (non-agentive)
Mt. Fuji PLothprop 9 56 238 proper names of other geog. entities  (non-agentive)
drugstore PLfunc 9 26 26 functional location (non-agentive)
South America PLcont 9 56 227 proper names of the continents  (non-agentive)
corridor PLpath 9 55 55 path-type place

The bold facing in the comment column above is designed to call attention to the two critical aspects of Place Noun coding, namely, Proper versus Common nouns, and Agentive versus non-Agentive Place Nouns.

 

 

 

Exercise D
Abstract Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Abstract Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
profile

basis

vintage
objective
technique

danger

catastrophe
double click
category

idea

poverty
persistence
holiday

snow removal

efficiency
tenacity

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise D:  Abstract Noun Superset  (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
profile ABprop 6 40 609 intrinsic properties/qualities/nature of a person or thing
technique ABmeth 6 41 733 method/process/procedure
("of v'ing")
category ABclass 6 40 731 classification
holiday ABtime 6 41 732 time event
basis ABcause 6 41 602 cause/potential/disposition
("for v'ing")
danger ABnegc 6 41 764 negative cause
idea ABgen 6 42 42 general abstract concept
snow removal ABstrvb 6 41 749 strong verbal
vintage ABclass 6 40 731 classification
catastrophe ABcont 6 41 765 contrary event
("make provision for" =
"take precaution against")
poverty ABstate 6 40 736 states/conditions/relationships
efficiency ABqual 6 41 655 quality of action/agent
("in v'ing")
objective ABpur 6 40 748 purpose
("in v'ing/for v'ing/to verb")
double click ABstrvb 6 41 749 strong verbal
persistence ABcause 6 41 602 cause/potential/disposition
tenacity ABqual 6 41 655 quality of action/agent
("in v'ing")

 

 

 

 

Exercise E
Mass Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Mass Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
grass

glass

meat
electricity
water

glassware

electronic equipment
chlorophyll
petty cash

fog

sand
hair
iodine

rust

ceramic tile
lambswool

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise E: Mass Noun Superset      (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
grass MAvege 11 60 60 vegetative mass
water MAliqu 11 45 45 liquid mass
petty cash MAfina 11 97 97 financial mass
iodine MAchem 11 83 83 chemical agent (mass)
glass MAraw 11 38 38 raw materials/metals
glassware MAfunc 11 49 49 functional mass
fog MAgas 11 50 50 gases
rust MAwaste 11 98 98 wastes
meat MAedib 11 43 43 edible mass
electronic equipment MAgear 11 49 324 mass nouns ending in -gear/equipment
sand MAmine 11 84 84 minerals/solids
ceramic tile MAfunc 11 49 49 functional mass
electricity MAener 11 23 23 energy-type mass noun
chlorophyll MAcomp 11 52 52 chemical compounds
hair MAanim 11 82 82 animate mass
lambswool MAraw 11 38 38 raw materials/metals

 

             

            

Exercise F
Animate Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Animate Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
physician

Dubliner

menagerie
lamb
committee

Spanish

robin
labor union
Supreme Court

Socrates

chicken
IBM
germ

President Lincoln

angel
salmon

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise F: Animate Noun Superset   (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
physician ANdes 5 91 91 human profession/designation
committee ANcoll 5 94 94 human collective
Supreme Court ANorg 5 94 193 organization (proper name)
germ ANmicro 5 51 121 micro-organisms
Dubliner ANplace 5 91 205 people described in terms of place
Spanish ANlang 5 91 206 people described in terms of language
Socrates ANname 5 91 207 human proper names
President Lincoln ANtitle 5 91 807 proper titles of human beings
menagerie ANaggr 5 51 208 non-human aggregate
robin ANfowl 5 51 125 fowl
chicken ANfowlfd 5 51 855 fowl/food = animate + mass (remote mass)
angel ANother 5 51 213 other animate designations
lamb ANmammfd 5 51 855 mammal/ food = animate + mass (remote mass)
labor union ANcoll 5 94 94 human collective
IBM ANorg 5 94 193 organization (proper name)
salmon ANfish 5 51 124 fish

   

 

 

Exercise G
Measure Noun Superset|
Click for a graphic overview of the Measure Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
hour

ohm

horsepower
degree
liter

temperature

mile
multiple
Eurodollar

BTU

gold standard
velocity
ton

quorum

mph
acre

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise G:  Measure Noun Superset   (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
hour MEdur 8 61 166 unit of duration
liter MEvol 8 61 163 unit of volume measure
Eurodollar MEvalue 8 61 168 unit of money/value
ton MEwt 8 61 161 unit of weight
ohm MEspec 8 61 167 specialized units of measure
temperature MEabs 8 46 46 abstract concepts measured by unit
BTU MEtemp 8 61 164 unit of temperature
quorum MEdis 8 95 95 discrete measurable concepts
horsepower MEener 8 61 165 unit of energy/force
mile MElin 8 61 170 unit of linear/area measure
gold standard MEsys 8 61 234 measurement systems
MPH MEvel 8 61 162 unit of velocity
degree MEundif 8 61 169 undifferentiated measure
multiple MEdis 8 95 95 discrete measurable concepts
velocity MEabs 8 46 46 abstract concepts measured by unit
acre MElin 8 61 170 unit of linear/area measure

 

 

 

Exercise H
Time Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Time Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
twilight

rush hour

Mardi Gras
summer solstice
autumn

tonight's

(the) day after tomorrow
Jurassic Period
Sunday

epoch

(the) Nineties
today's
March

fiscal year

closing time
lunchbreak

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise H:  Time Noun Superset     (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
twilight TIper 10 10 174 periods of the day
autumn TIsea 10 10 173 seasons of the year
Sunday TIday 10 10 171 days of the week
March TImon 10 10 172 months of the year
rush hour TIper 10 10 174 periods of the day
tonight's TIadv 10 10 176

adverbs that become nouns when used possessively

epoch TIundif 10 30 30 undifferentiated time
fiscal year TIundif 10 30 30 undifferentiated time
Mardi Gras TIsea 10 10 173 seasons of the year
(the) day after tomorrow TIday 10 10 171 days of the week
(the) Nineties TIundif 10 30 30 undifferentiated time
closing time TIper 10 10 174 periods of the day
summer solstice TIsea 10 10 173 seasons of the year
Jurassic Period TIundif 10 30 30 undifferentiated time
today's TIadv 10 10 176 adverbs that become nouns when used possessively
lunchbreak TIper 10 10 174 periods of the day

 

 

 

Exercise I
Aspective Noun Superset
Click for a graphic overview of the Aspective Noun Superset

(Click here for answer key)
row

slot

flap
millions
set

section

seat
brim
facet

tab

fleet
series
version

interface

slice
edge

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to next exercise.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise I:  Aspective Noun Superset  (Next exercise)
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
row ASconf 2 28 28 configurations/order
set ASaggr 2 92 92 aggregates
facet ASsurf 2 21 21 aspective bearing surfaces
version AScopy 2 31 31 model/copy
slot ASrecp 2 36 36 aspective receptacles
(in + NP)
section ASpart 2 24 24 members/portions/parts
tab ASfunc 2 58 58 aspective functionals
interface AScond 2 22 22 aspective conduits
flap ASfunc 2 58 58 aspective functionals
seat ASsurf 2 21 21 aspective bearing surfaces
fleet ASaggr 2 92 92 aggregates
slice ASpart 2 24 24 members/portions/parts
millions ASnum 2 92 101 numeric groupings
brim ASbarr 2 25 25 aspective thresholds/focal points/ barriers/limits
series ASconf 2 28 28 configurations/order
edge ASbarr 2 25 25 aspective thresholds/focal points/ barriers/limits

 

 

 

Exercise J
Verbal and Process Nouns
Click for an overview of Verbal Nouns
Click for an overview of Process Nouns

(Click here for answer key)
retrofit

persistence

transformation
distribution
military buildup

interpretation

exile
food distribution
separation

change

service
distribution process
data display

merger

water storage
flair

To do this exercise, in the white box enter the mnemonic code for each of the nouns.  Those mnemonic codes can be found by clicking on the noun.  You will be taken to the section in the tutorial describing the noun in question and its correct SAL mnemonic code. 

                                                                           Go to Learning Exercise 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answer Key to Exercise J:  Verbal and Process Nouns
Word Mnemonic Superset Set Subset Comment
retrofit ABstrvb 6 41 749 strong verbal
military buildup ABstrvb 6 41 749 strong verbal
separation PNtr 7 xx xxx upon separation of X =
upon separating X
data display ABstrvb 6 41 749 strong verbal
persistence ABcause 6 41 602 cause/potential/disposition
interpretation PNtr 7 xx xxx give an interpretation =
to interpret
change PNtr 7 x xx to make a change =
to change
merger ABwith 6 59 749 strong verbal w/ prep governance: "with"
transformation PNtr 7 xx xxx for transformation of x into y =
to transform x into y   /
upon transformation of x into y  =
on transforming x into y
exile ABfrom 6 26 749 strong verbal w/ prep governance: "from"
service ABto 6 46 749 strong verbal w/ prep governance: "to"
water storage ABstrvb 6 41 749 strong verbal
distribution PNtr 7 xx xx upon distribution of goods =
upon distributing goods
food distribution ABto 6 57 749 strong verbal w/ prep governance: "to"
distribution process ABverb 6 41 41 undifferentiated verbal abstract:
re processes, behavior, etc.
flair ABfor 6 46 749 strong verbal w/ prep governance: "for"